Chapter 1 – Introduction
- Standardized Drug Testing – Beginning of a New Revolution
- Selection of Specimens Used for Testing
- The challenging Analysis of Drug Testing
- Substituting Urine – Cheating the Test
- Types of Laboratories
Chapter 2 – Immunoassays and Their Screening
- An Overview Regarding the History of Immunoassays
- Basic Immunoassay Principles and Guidelines
- Variety of Immunoassays Used for Illicit Drug Testing Programs for workplaces
- Characteristics of an Immunoassay’s Performance
- Methodology Limitations
- Types and Mechanisms of Interference of Assays
- Sources of Interference
- Immunoassays and Their Application Regarding Workplace Drug Testing Programs
- Cutoff Ranges and Result Interpretation
- Selection and Troubleshooting of Immunoassays
- Summary
Chapter 3 – Confirmation via Contemporary and Latest Techniques
- Conventional Confirmatory methods
- Gas Chromatography
- Liquid Chromatography (High Performance)
- Mass Spectrometry
- Basic Theory
- Ionization Of Electrons
- Chemical Ionization
- Full Scan Analysis
- Selected Ion Monitoring
- Quadruple Mass Spectrometer
- Quadruple ion Trap MS
- Modern Method Of Drug Confirmation
- Additional Mass Analyzers
- Time Of Flight – Mass Spectrometers
- Fticr-MS – Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance – Mass Spectrometry
- Capillary Electrophoresis
- Summary
Chapter 4 – Quality Assurance
- Organization Employee Assistance Programs
- Chain Of Custody
- Specimen Collection
- Standard Operation Procedures
- Personnel
- Accessioning/Specimen Processing
- Security
- Internal Proficiency Testing
- External Proficiency Testing
- Inspection
- Initial and Confirmation Testing
- Equipment and Maintenance
- Laboratory Information Management System
- Records
- Specimen Validity Testing
- Quality Assurance Oversight
- Lean Six Sigma
- Summary
Chapter 5 – Supervision of Regulated Workplace
- Historical Overview
- The Responses Of Laboratory and Regulatory Agency to the Problem
- US Federal Regulations/Criteria
- Scope of Adulterant/Substitution Products
- The HHS-Certified Laboratories Experience
- Effects of Adulterants on Analytical Tests
- Governmental Responses to the Problem
- Alternate Specimen Matrices
- Summary
Chapter 6 – Drugs of Abuse in Hair
- Composition
- Historical Overview
- Sample Collection
- Sample Preparation and Analytical Methodologies
- Interpretive and Analytical Considerations
- Summary
Chapter 7 – Drug of Abuse in Oral Fluid
- Composition
- Historical Impression
- Collecting The Samples
- Sample Preparation and Analytical Methodologies
- Summary
Chapter 8 – Sweat Testing
- Sweat
- Historical Overview
- Sweat Collection With the Patch
- Sample Preparation and Analysis
- Interpretations of Sweat Patch Test Results
- Challenges
- Summary
Chapter 9 – Amphetamines
- Historical Standpoint and Overview of Analytes of Interest
- Metabolism
- Interpretation of Results
- Target Analyte Analytical Approaches For Workplace Drug Testing
- Analytical Considerations and Troubleshooting
- Established Cutoffs
- Summary
Chapter 10 – Opoids
- Historical Overview
- Mode Of Action
- Analysis Methods
- Drugs Pertinent to Workplace Testing
- Interpretive Issues
- Summary
Chapter 11 – Phencyclidine
Chapter 12 – Cocaine
Chapter 13 – Cannabinoids
Chapter 14 – Stability of Drugs of Abuse in Biological Fluids
- Benzodiazepines
- Cannabinoids
- Cocaine
- Ethanol
- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
- Opiates
- Phencyclidine
- Summary
Chapter 15 – Interpretation of Workplace Drug Test Results by Medical Review Officer
- Federal Drug-Testing Programs
- Amphetamines
- Cocaine
- Marijuana
- Opiates
- Phencyclidine
- Other Drugs Tested For in Workplace Programs
- Benzodiazepines
- Barbiturates
- Methadone, Methaqualone, and Propoxyphene
- Ethyl Alcohol
- Dot-Mandated Alcohol Testing
- Specimen Validity Testing
- Additional MRO Functions Under the Federal Drug-Testing Programs
- Summary